Best practices
for nuisance wildlife control operators in New York State

Ch 5: Step three: Do it - Lethal techniques

Shooting

Take the time you need to take the best shot.
The type of firearm you choose and the ammunition should be matched to the size and species of the animal.
In most cases, small-caliber, low-energy projectiles are best. A .22 caliber rifle is adequate for most small mammals. Air rifles may be used on squirrels and birds. Among the most effective types of ammunition are hollow point bullets or low velocity .22 rimfire cartridges, such as shorts or CB caps, which are also quieter.
Pay attention to the surface underneath, around, and behind the animal. Could a bullet ricochet? Bullets are less likely to ricochet off softer surfaces such as dirt or grass than off hard surfaces like concrete, asphalt, or rocks, or water.
You must follow both state and local firearms regulations.
Make sure the situation is safe. If a crowd has gathered, disperse them before you shoot the animal, or take the animal elsewhere.
Some species continue to move after they've been shot, such as squirrels, birds, raccoons, opossums, and woodchucks. This is a reflex but can be difficult to explain to someone who's watching. A good reason to be discreet.

Next Section (Guidelines for shooting mammals)